BDD with cucumber and gherkins using MindMap

 Business-Driven Development is a collaborative approach that focuses on aligning software development with business goals through the creation of executable specifications

Business driven development

Translating Business-Driven Development to executable specification in gherkins

Keywords and code blocks in Gherkins specification

• Feature is to provide a high-level description of a software feature.
• Rule is to represent one business rule that should be implemented
• Scenario or Example is a concrete example that illustrates a business rule
• Scenario Outline is used to run the same Scenario multiple times, with different set of data.

• Steps are used to define scenarios. steps can be:
• Given - describe the precondition of the system
• When - describes an event, or an action
• Then - describe an expected outcome, or result
• But - describe an outcome that is not expected
• There can be multiple steps of same type in a scenario.
• Background define a set of steps that are common to all scenarios in a feature file. Execution is after each scenarios
• Hooks are blocks of code that run before or after certain events. they are defined by annotation "@Before" and "@After" annotations. these are setup() and teardown() code in the application.

Understanding components of a cucumber framework

Components of a cucumber framework

Feature File:

• File corresponding to a feature/rule
• Can have multiple scenarios/examples, scenario outline and background.
• Annotations can be used to group tests, e.g: smoke, nightly, regression

Step definition File

• For given, when then, but steps defined in feature file, the logical code is written in a step definition file.
• Annotation @Given, @then are used to match the step definition method with the one provided in feature file

TestRunner File to execute tests

• TestRunner file defines the tests to be executed,

Components of a Test Runner File:

• Annotations: uses annotations from testing frameworks like JUnit or TestNG to define its purpose and behavior.
• Glue: specifies the package where Cucumber can find the step definitions
• Features: feature files which needs to be executed
• Plugins: defines the reporting path, tags and formatting.

References :

https://www.linkedin.com/learning/cucumber-essential-training

https://cucumber.io/docs/gherkin/reference/

Adding dependencies to maven for selenium

To add dependencies in maven project for running selenium tests, we can add dependencies under dependencies section as shown below:

1. Go to https://mvnrepository.com

2. Add Below dependencies:

a. TestNG

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
    <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
    <version>6.13.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

b. Selenium-java

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
</dependency>

c. Selenium chrome driver

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
</dependency>

3. All the other dependencies related to selenium can be found at:
http://www.mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium

4. The dependencies are associated with the tests and downloaded at m2 folder in users folder

Maven POM.xml: Dependencies for Selenium, TestNG and junit

While working with Selenium, TestNG and junit with maven, we need to add in the Project Object Model (POM.xml), dependencies for Selenium, TestNG and junit. In this article, we have explained how to add the required dependency in the dependencies section in pom.xmlfile.

Add the dependency in the dependencies section for the required artifacts. Also please update the version as per latest version of the artifact.

Selenium Dependency:

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>2.52.0</version>
</dependency>

junit Dependency:

<dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>

TestNG Dependency:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
  <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
  <version>6.8</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

How to use maven to create selenium project

In this article, we will understand the basics of maven and how to create maven project for Selenium WebDriver in eclipse.

Problem Statement of this article:

• Understanding the use of maven for creating a selenium Project.

• Installing maven plug-in for eclipse

• Creating a maven Project in eclipse

• Adding dependencies for Selenium

Understanding the use of maven for creating a selenium Project.

• Maven provides a uniform build system.
• A Project Object Model or POM is an XML file in maven that contains project and configuration information used by Maven to build the project.
• We can add and configure dependencies for selenium, TestNG and other resources in the maven Project using POM.xml file
• Maven helps to define Project structure for better management of resources.
• Maven automatically downloads the necessary files added in dependencies for WebDriver and other resources while building the project.

Installing maven plug-in for eclipse

Below are the steps to install maven plug-in for eclipse

• Open eclipse and click on Help>Eclipse Marketplace
• Search for Maven integration for Eclipse in eclipse marketplace. Install Maven integration for Eclipse
• Restart eclipse.
• Maven plug-in has been added in eclipse.

Creating a maven Project in eclipse:

  Pre-Condition: Maven Plug-in is added in eclipse.Below are the steps to create a maven project in eclipse.

• Navigate to File>New>Project.
• It will ask to select a wizard. Select Maven>Maven Project and click on Next

• To start with, select create a simple project in the window and click on Next.
• Provide the details for the artifact including Group Id, Artifact Id, Version, packaging to start with.
• Click on Finish.

Once we click on finish,maven project is created in Java. As mentioned earlier, All the configurations of the Project are saved in a POM.xml file as shown below:

POM stands for "Project Object Model". It is XML representation of the Maven project. POM.xml file inherits from base superPOM.xml

How to use selenium libraries in the maven Project.

We can use selenium libraries by adding dependencies for selenium in the Project Object model as shown in the code snippet below:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>qaautomation</groupId>
  <artifactId>Selenium_eclipse_maven</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>My first maven</name>
  <description>testing</description>  

  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>2.48.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
 <groupId>junit</groupId>
 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
 <version>4.8.1</version>
</dependency>    
  </dependencies>
</project>

References:

• https://maven.apache.org/pom.html - For detailed understanding of Project Object Model. 
• http://www.guru99.com/maven-jenkins-with-selenium-complete-tutorial.html - How to set up selenium with maven, Jenkins and TestNG.